Intercostal drainage tube insertion, also known as chest tube insertion, is a medical procedure used to remove air, fluid, or pus from the pleural space, the area between the lungs and the chest wall. This procedure is essential in treating conditions such as pneumothorax (collapsed lung), pleural effusion, hemothorax (blood in the pleural space), and empyema (infection in the pleural space).

The procedure involves inserting a flexible tube through a small incision between the ribs, into the pleural space. This tube is connected to a drainage system that allows the trapped air or fluid to be safely evacuated, enabling the lungs to re-expand and function properly. The insertion is usually performed under local anesthesia and guided by imaging techniques like ultrasound or X-ray to ensure accurate placement.

Intercostal drainage is a critical intervention for restoring normal breathing, alleviating symptoms, and preventing further complications. The procedure is typically followed by close monitoring to manage drainage and ensure patient recovery, which often leads to significant improvement in respiratory function and comfort.